Early signs of ovarian cancer and why early detection matters (Sinnonhyeon Station OB/GYN)

Hello. This is Blanc OB/GYN, located at Sinnonhyeon Station. Ovarian cancer is often called a silent cancer because it is easily missed due to the lack of distinct symptoms in its early stages. However, it is reported that paying attention to small changes and detecting it early can alter the course of treatment.

In this article, we will summarize the early signs of ovarian cancer, examination methods, situations with higher risk, and when to consider an OB/GYN check-up.

What is Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the ovaries. Epithelial ovarian cancer, which originates from the epithelial cells covering the surface of the ovaries, is known to be a relatively common form. The challenging aspect is that there is often little to no pain in the early stages.

In the clinic, it's not uncommon for patients to say they initially thought their symptoms were just simple indigestion. Because it's difficult to distinguish from everyday discomfort, it's important to observe if changes persist for a certain period.

Consider Testing if These Changes Persist

Signs that may be associated with ovarian cancer often resemble common digestive symptoms and are easily overlooked. If the following changes persist for two to three weeks or longer, it is advisable to consult an OB/GYN to determine the cause.

• Persistent feeling of abdominal bloating
• Recurrent heavy, uncomfortable feeling in the lower abdomen
• Feeling full quickly even after eating less than usual
• Prolonged indigestion or gassy feeling
• Irregular periods or abnormal bleeding

The above symptoms can also be caused by other common conditions. While the symptoms themselves do not necessarily mean ovarian cancer, if similar discomfort persists for a long time, a check-up can help provide peace of mind.

If changes in your menstrual cycle or bleeding patterns are also present, you can have them examined together through menstrual disorder care.

When is the Risk Higher?

Regular check-ups are known to be particularly meaningful if you fall into the following categories.

The presence of risk factors does not necessarily mean immediate onset of the disease. However, if any apply to you, discussing your check-up frequency with your doctor can be helpful.

If you are curious about your risk level, feel free to inquire when you are concerned about your check-up frequency.

How is Ovarian Cancer Diagnosed?

Ovarian cancer is not definitively diagnosed with a single test. A process of comprehensive evaluation combining multiple tests is required.

• Transvaginal ultrasound examines the shape and size of the ovaries.
• Tumor marker tests check blood indicators such as CA-125.
• If necessary, MRI or CT scans may be referred to a higher-level medical institution.

If further confirmation is deemed necessary after initial tests, you can be referred to a higher-level hospital for detailed examinations. If you wish to regularly check your overall women's health, you can also consider regular check-ups using the well-woman checkup.

How is Treatment Conducted?

Ovarian cancer treatment varies depending on the stage of progression. Generally, surgical treatment to remove the tumor and related tissues is performed, and depending on the situation, chemotherapy or targeted therapy may be combined.

Most importantly, it is meaningful to detect it before it progresses. It is reported that the earlier it is identified, the wider the range of treatment options available.

How Often Should I Get Screened?

The frequency of examinations varies depending on age and risk level. The following are general guidelines for reference, and personalized guidance will be determined during your consultation.

If you are also concerned about body changes around menopause, you can have your overall condition checked through a menopause care and check-up. If you have postponed check-ups for a while, you may also refer to the guidance for those who have postponed check-ups.

Don't Delay, Get Checked

It is reported that the earlier ovarian cancer is detected, the more the treatment outcome can differ. Rather than dismissing it as "it'll be fine," if you have abdominal symptoms that persist for two to three weeks or longer, please consult an OB/GYN to determine the cause. A small amount of attention can make a big difference.

If your symptoms are ambiguous and you're hesitant to seek medical attention, feel free to consult about your questions first.

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Eun-jin Lee, Chief Director (Specialized in Obstetrics and Gynecology at Samsung Medical Center, Regular Member of the Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Regular Member of the Korean Society of Menopause) Dr. Eun-jin Lee's Profile First published 2025-12-02 / Last reviewed 2026-06-17

This content provides general medical information and individual differences may exist. Please confirm accurate diagnosis and examination plans through consultation with an OB/GYN specialist.