Cervical cancer and Gardasil explained: start vaccination now (Banpo OB/GYN)

Cervical Cancer: Knowing in advance allows for thorough preparation

Many people feel a sudden fear at the mention of cervical cancer, especially if they've postponed their check-ups. To put it simply, cervical cancer is a type of cancer that can be effectively managed and prevented through two main pillars: vaccination and regular screenings.

Cervical cancer is a cancer that develops in the cervix, the opening connecting the uterus and the vagina, and is mostly reported to be associated with HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection. HPV is common enough that anyone who has had sexual activity can be exposed to it, and while many cases resolve naturally, some high-risk types, if persistent, can lead to cervical cell changes.

Why is early detection important for cervical cancer?

The challenging aspect of cervical cancer is that there are almost no distinct symptoms in its early stages. Therefore, regular screenings performed when symptoms are absent play a crucial role.

• In the early stages, there are almost no noticeable symptoms, making it difficult to detect on your own.
• Regular cervical cytology (Pap smear) can identify cell changes relatively early.
• It is reported that the earlier it is detected, the easier it is to establish a treatment plan.
• It is a representative disease where both vaccination and screening can be utilized.

In the clinic, we often see patients who have postponed screenings for a long time because they had no symptoms. For cervical cancer, screenings performed when symptoms are absent are more significant than those done after symptoms appear.

What is HPV?

HPV is a group of over 200 known viruses. Their effects vary by type; some types are associated with genital warts (condyloma), while some high-risk types are reported to be linked to cell changes in the cervix, vulva, vagina, and anus.

Specifically, HPV types 16 and 18 are known as high-risk types that account for a significant portion of cervical cancer causes. Therefore, confirming your infection status and type through an HPV test can be the starting point for management.

What is the Gardasil HPV vaccine?

Gardasil is a vaccine developed for the prevention of HPV infection and is currently known as one of the methods to help prevent cervical cancer. The appropriate vaccination plan varies depending on age and situation, so it is best to receive guidance tailored to your specific circumstances.

Gardasil 4 covers HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18. Among these, types 6 and 11 are associated with genital warts, and types 16 and 18 are reported to be linked to cervical cancer.

Gardasil 9 extends the coverage of Gardasil 4 by adding types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58, providing a broader range of prevention. It is known as a vaccine chosen by many due to its relatively wide coverage.

What is the Gardasil vaccination schedule?

The number of doses varies by age. Please refer to the table below to estimate your schedule.

The exact schedule may vary depending on your individual health status and previous vaccination history, so we recommend confirming a plan tailored to you through consultation before starting.

Are Gardasil side effects manageable?

Reactions after vaccination are mostly reported to be mild and temporary.

• Pain or redness at the injection site
• Low-grade fever
• Fatigue
• Muscle aches

Severe adverse reactions are known to be rare, and the decision to vaccinate should ideally be made in consultation with a specialist, considering your health status. If you have any questions before or after vaccination, please clarify them in advance.

If I get vaccinated, do I still need screenings?

No, that's not the case. Since the vaccine does not protect against all HPV types without exception, regular screenings are still necessary regardless of vaccination status.

Here's a summary of important steps to take for cervical cancer prevention:

1. Get HPV vaccination to prepare for major types.
2. Undergo regular cervical cancer screenings to check for cell changes (generally recommended every 1-3 years after age 20).
3. Manage your immunity and lifestyle habits.

If you have recurring concerns like HPV or chronic vaginitis or have been postponing screenings, considering a well-woman checkup to assess your condition is also an option.

In summary

Cervical cancer is a disease that can be known and prepared for in advance. By utilizing both vaccination and regular screenings, you can create a concrete management plan instead of vague anxiety. If you have any questions about Gardasil vaccination or cervical cancer screenings, please feel free to inquire.

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Dr. Eun-Jin Lee, Chief Director (Samsung Medical Center OB-GYN Residency, Member of Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Member of Korean Society of Menopause) Dr. Eun-Jin Lee's Profile First published 2025-11-15 / Last reviewed 2026-06-17

This article provides general health information; effects and responses vary individually. Please consult with an OB-GYN specialist for accurate diagnosis and vaccination planning.